Cellular Respiration: Key Aspects and Processes
What are the key aspects of cellular respiration and its processes?
1. What is the overall reaction for cellular respiration?
2. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process?
3. Where in the cell does the glycolysis part of cellular respiration occur?
4. Where in the cell does the Krebs (Citric Acid) cycle part of cellular respiration occur?
5. Where in the cell does the electron transport part of cellular respiration occur?
6. How many ATP are made in the glycolysis part of cellular respiration?
7. How many ATP are made in the Kreb's cycle part of celluar respiration?
8. How many ATP are made in the electron transport part of cellular respiration?
9. In which phase of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide made?
10. In which phase of cellular respiration is water made?
11. In which phase of cellular respiration is oxygen a substrate?
12. In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose a substrate?
13. On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the electron transport process?
14. On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH2 during the electron transport process?
15. What would happen to the cellular respiration process if the enzyme for one step of the process was missing or defective?
Answers:
1. The overall reaction for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP).
2. The three phases of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs (Citric Acid) cycle, and the electron transport chain.
3. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
4. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.
5. The electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
6. Two ATP molecules are made in the glycolysis part of cellular respiration.
7. The Krebs cycle produces two ATP molecules.
8. The electron transport chain generates a total of 32-34 ATP molecules.
9. Carbon dioxide is produced in the Krebs cycle as a byproduct.
10. Water is produced in the electron transport chain as a byproduct.
11. Oxygen serves as a substrate in the electron transport chain.
12. Glucose is a substrate for the glycolysis phase.
13. On average, each NADH molecule can produce about 2.5 ATP during the electron transport process.
14. Each FADH2 molecule can produce about 1.5 ATP on average during the electron transport process.
15. If an enzyme for one step of the cellular respiration process is missing or defective, it could disrupt or halt that particular step, leading to an overall impairment of cellular respiration and a decrease in ATP production, potentially impacting the cell's energy supply and overall cellular function.
Detailed Explanation:
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It involves three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
In glycolysis, glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm of the cell to produce two ATP molecules. The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria and generates two more ATP molecules. Finally, the electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, where the majority of ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation.
During these processes, carbon dioxide and water are byproducts of cellular respiration. Oxygen acts as a substrate in the electron transport chain, while glucose serves as a substrate in glycolysis. NADH and FADH2 molecules produced in earlier stages contribute to ATP production in the electron transport chain.
If an enzyme is missing or defective in any of the steps of cellular respiration, it can disrupt the flow of energy production, leading to a reduced ATP yield and potential cellular dysfunction. This highlights the importance of each phase working harmoniously to ensure efficient energy production for the cell's survival and function.